Highlights
- Netaji was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack.
- Netaji formed the Azad Hind government and army on 21 October 1943.
- His government and bank were recognized by 10 countries.
Birth and Education of Subhash Chandra Bose
Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack, Odisha, Bengal Division. His family was very rich and respected. Subhash Chandra Bose was at number 9 among his 7 brothers and 6 sisters. His father’s name was Jankinath Bose and mother’s name was Prabhavati Devi. He completed his early education from Ravenshaw Collegiate School, Cuttack. After which he passed the Intermediate examination in the first class in the year 1915 from the Presidency College, Calcutta. After which he went to Cambridge University in England to prepare for civil services.
Netaji’s fourth place in the administrative service
After completion of education, he appeared in the Indian Civil Services examination in 1920 and secured fourth position. This was a great achievement at that time, because it was difficult for Indians to clear any common examination under the British rule. Coming to India, he took office, but seeing the pathetic condition of the Indians here, he left the job on April 23, 1921 and jumped into the war of independence.
He joined the Indian National Congress. At that time the views of Netaji and Mahatma Gandhi never met, but the intention of both the leaders was the same for the independence of India. Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the liberal party and Subhash Chandra Bose was leading the revolutionary party. Netaji married his secretary Emily, who was of Austrian origin. His daughter named Anita still lives with her family in Germany.
Important things related to Netaji’s life
Netaji was also elected the President of the National Congress Party in the year 1938. He formed the National Planning Commission. A year later, in the Congress session of 1939, Netaji defeated Pattabhi Sitaramayya, who stood with Gandhi’s support. After this the rift between Gandhiji and Bose increased, then Netaji left the Congress party on his own.
When the Second World War started, Netaji intensified his campaign against the British. Due to which he was placed under house arrest, but Netaji somehow escaped to Germany and continued his campaign from there.
Netaji disappeared in a dramatic event on 7 January 1941 and reached Germany via Afghanistan and Russia. On 9 April 1941, he submitted a memorandum to the German government which referred to mutual cooperation between the Axis Powers and India. Subhas Chandra Bose founded the Swatantra Bharat Kendra and Swatantra Bharat Radio in November this year.
Netaji formed the Azad Hind government and the army on 21 October 1943. Along with this he also established Azad Hind Bank. At that time ten countries of the world had given their support to his government, army and bank. These ten countries include Burma, Croatia, Germany, Nanking (present-day China), Italy, Thailand, Manchukuo, Philippines and Ireland.
After the formation of the army, Netaji first reached Burma. There he gave the slogan, ‘You give me blood, I will give you freedom’. At that time the country was on the way to independence. His army consisted of prisoners of war and plantation workers from British Malays, Singapore and other parts of Southeast Asia.
Mahatma Gandhi, the father of the nation, respected him a lot. He bestowed Netaji with the title of ‘patriot of patriots’. A giant portrait of him has been installed in the Parliament House in Delhi and his statue has been installed in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly building.
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Subhash Chandra Bose died mysteriously in a plane crash on 18 August 1945. Netaji had flown from Taiwan to Japan in that plane. Netaji’s death remains a puzzle even today. Even after this accident, he has been told alive in many tales.
There is also a belief that Netaji did not die in a plane crash, he remained in Faizabad for a long time as Gumnami Baba. Gumnami Baba spoke fluent English, Bengali and German. When Gumnami Baba died in 1985, everyone was stunned to see his belongings.
He had expensive cigarettes, alcohol, newspapers, magazines etc. Netaji’s personal photographs, Rolex watch, Azad Hind Fauj uniform, 24 installments of ‘Plane Crash Story’ published in Anand Bazar Patrika in 1974, Shahnawaz and Khosla Commission report, etc. were found from his belongings. Although Gumnami Baba was Netaji, it has not been proved till date.
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